Which of the following best describes avoidance learning in Mowrer's theory?

Avoidance learning, in Mowrer's theory, refers specifically to the process where an individual learns to avoid an unpleasant or aversive stimulus by performing a particular behavior. This is significant as it highlights how individuals can develop coping mechanisms to evade distressing situations.

In this context, the correct understanding of avoidance learning emphasizes that the behavior is driven by the desire to escape from an aversive response or stimulus, reinforcing the action taken to avoid such stimuli in the future. Mowrer's two-factor theory illustrates that avoidance learning is developed through classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an aversive one, and through operant conditioning, where the avoidance behavior is reinforced because it effectively removes the negative outcome.

The other choices fail to encapsulate the essence of avoidance learning. Enhancing positive behaviors leans towards reinforcement of desired actions rather than evasion of negative ones. Understanding the reasons behind a behavior reflects a cognitive approach rather than the behavioral aspect that avoidance learning entails. Lastly, reinforcing negative social interactions does not align with the concept of avoidance learning, as it suggests support for damaging behavior rather than escaping from aversive experiences. This further clarifies why the second option accurately describes avoidance learning in this context.