What was a significant limitation of the Mori and Arai study?

The chosen answer highlights a significant limitation of the Mori and Arai study concerning its sample population. By exclusively involving Japanese students, the study may lack generalizability, meaning that its findings might not be applicable to individuals from different cultural, social, or educational backgrounds. This limitation raises questions about the extent to which the behaviors or patterns observed in the study can be reflected in broader populations, especially when considering cultural factors that may influence psychology and perception.

The other options do not present the same level of concern regarding the study's limitations. Including both genders (as mentioned in one option) can help ensure a more balanced perspective, while having participants from varied age groups contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomena being studied. If the study had a clear experimental design, it would enhance the reliability and validity of the findings, which would further mitigate concerns if the sample was diverse. Thus, focusing solely on a specific demographic could hinder the breadth and applicability of the research outcomes.