What is the function of neurotransmitters in the brain?

The function of neurotransmitters in the brain is primarily to transmit signals between neurons. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from the synaptic terminals of a neuron, allowing communication with neighboring neurons. When an electrical signal travels down a neuron and reaches the synapse, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron. This binding can either excite or inhibit the transmission of signals, thus facilitating the complex network of communication essential for all brain functions, including movement, emotion, and cognition.

In contrast, storing long-term memories involves processes like synaptic plasticity and consolidation rather than the immediate action of neurotransmitters. While some neurotransmitters can influence sleep patterns and play a role in pain modulation, their fundamental function lies in the rapid transmission of information between neurons, making the correct choice clear.