What does the concept of self-efficacy refer to?

The concept of self-efficacy refers specifically to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. It emphasizes the perception of one's capabilities in relation to particular challenges or goals, which can significantly influence one's motivation, behavior, and emotional responses. High self-efficacy can lead to greater persistence and resilience when faced with obstacles, as individuals are more likely to approach tasks with confidence in their ability to succeed.

The other options, while related to elements of confidence, do not capture the nuanced meaning of self-efficacy. For example, believing in one’s intelligence relates to a broader sense of cognitive ability rather than the specific confidence in handling particular tasks. A general feeling of confidence is too vague and does not reflect the targeted nature of self-efficacy. Similarly, measuring social skills does not pertain to personal beliefs about one's ability to succeed in various situations, which is the core of self-efficacy. Thus, the correct answer highlights this specific aspect of belief that motivates individual actions and achievements.